How to Read Electronic Component Units — μF·nF·pF, mA·μA, mΩ·kΩ, MHz·ppm, ℃/W, mil in Datasheets

Admin · 2026.10.25

A customer at a parts shop pointing at Isat on a datasheet and asking how to read it, and a female clerk answering "I-sat, saturation current"

Illustration: At the counter of an electronic parts shop, a customer points at the letters Isat on a datasheet and asks, "How do you read this?" A female clerk in a red apron smiles and answers, "I-sat! Saturation current."

Datasheets and quotes for semiconductors and electronic components are full of rated values with units, such as 100nF · 4.7μF · 10kΩ · 20mΩ · 16.000MHz · ±20ppm · 62.5℃/W. These units are used throughout electrical and electronic engineering, but component specs have their own settled conventions for magnitudes, symbols and abbreviations, which makes them confusing at first sight.

A spec unit consists of two parts: a prefix letter (magnitude) + a unit symbol (what is being measured). Once you know these two, you can read even values you have never seen before. This post collects every unit that has appeared so far in the Semiconductor Library "How to Read" posts and in Today's Part, and also covers units and symbols that appear often in component specs but are easy to confuse.

In each table, the bold text in the "How to read" column is how you actually say it out loud. Units are read by their full names (millivolt, microfarad), and symbols made of strung-together letters such as Isat · VRRM · RDS(on) are read letter by letter (I-sat · V-R-R-M · R-D-S-on). "/" is read "per". Words in parentheses are the shorthand used on the shop floor.

Contents
1. Prefixes — p · n · μ · m · k · M · G
2. Voltage — V · mV · kV
3. Current — A · mA · μA · nA
4. Resistance — Ω · mΩ · kΩ · MΩ
5. Capacitance — pF · nF · μF
6. Inductance — nH · μH · mH
7. Frequency — Hz · kHz · MHz · GHz
8. Power — mW · W
9. Temperature — ℃ · ℃/W
10. Time — ns · μs · ms
11. Ratio & precision — % · ppm · dB
12. Length & size — mm · mil · inch · pitch
13. Memory & communication — bit · Byte · Kbit · bps
14. "○/○" units in IC datasheets — %/V · μV/℃ · V/μs · nV/√Hz
15. MCU & ADC units — DMIPS · μA/MHz · Msps · LSB
16. Other common units
17. Letters used in place of units — 4R7 · 2K2 · 103
18. Units at a glance

1. Prefixes — p · n · μ · m · k · M · G

Electronic component units · The most important table
Each prefix letter changes the magnitude by a factor of 1000
Letters placed before a unit to show magnitude (SI prefixes)
LetterHow to readMultiplierExample
ppico0.000000000001 (10⁻¹²)22pF
nnano0.000000001 (10⁻⁹)100nF · 35ns
μ (u)micro (written u)0.000001 (10⁻⁶)4.7μF · 5μA
mmilli0.001 (10⁻³)200mA · 20mΩ
(none)—15V · 1A
kkilo1,000 (10³)10kΩ · 65kHz
Mmega1,000,000 (10⁶)1MΩ · 16MHz
Ggiga1,000,000,000 (10⁹)2.4GHz
Each step up is 1000 times: 1000pF = 1nF, 1000nF = 1μF, 1000μF = 1mF

μ (micro) is hard to type on a keyboard, so datasheets, quotes and stock spreadsheets often write it as u. Read uF = μF, uA = μA, uH = μH. Very old documents sometimes use mfd · mF to mean μF, so for capacitors, judge by the magnitude.

The most common mistake is m (milli) vs. M (mega). Lowercase m is one-thousandth and uppercase M is one million times, so 20mΩ (0.02Ω, a FET's on-resistance) and 20MΩ (20 million Ω) differ by a factor of one billion. Always read upper and lower case carefully.

2. Voltage — V · mV · kV

NotationHow to readWhere you often see it in datasheets
VvoltVCC · VDD (supply), VIN (input), VOUT (output) — e.g. 5V regulator
mVmillivolt (0.001V)Voltage differences and noise — e.g. diode VF difference, output ripple 20mV
kVkilovolt (1000V)Static (ESD) withstand — e.g. ±8kV (contact discharge)
VRRMV-R-R-M
Repetitive peak reverse voltage
Diodes — 1N4007 is 1000V
VFV-F
Forward voltage
Voltage across a diode or LED when it turns on — e.g. 0.5V (Schottky), 1.1V (standard)
VDS · VCEOV-D-S · V-C-E-O
FET / transistor withstand voltage
VDS for FETs, VCEO for BJTs — e.g. 2N3904 40V
VDC · VACV-D-C · V-A-C
DC · AC
Capacitor and fuse ratings — e.g. 50VDC
Vrms · Vp-pV-R-M-S · V-P-P (peak-to-peak)
RMS value · from top to bottom
Size of AC and noise — for the same signal, Vp-p is larger

A part's maximum voltage (Absolute maximum) is the value that destroys it if exceeded, while the recommended operating voltage (Recommended operating) is the range you actually use. For capacitors it is normal to choose a rating with plenty of margin over the working voltage (e.g. 16V or 25V for a 5V circuit). Capacitor voltage markings are covered in How to Read Electrolytic & Tantalum Capacitor Markings,
https://eguro.kr/en/board/view.html?b=library&id=88, and diode voltages in How to Read Diode Part Numbers.
https://eguro.kr/en/board/view.html?b=library&id=58

3. Current — A · mA · μA · nA

NotationHow to readWhere you often see it in datasheets
Aampere (amp for short)Current a diode, FET or regulator can carry — e.g. 1A, 3A
mAmilliampere (milliamp) (0.001A)Small parts, LEDs, signals — e.g. 2N3904 IC 200mA, LED 20mA
μAmicroampere (microamp) (0.000001A)Quiescent and leakage current — e.g. regulator quiescent current 5μA
nAnanoampereVery small leakage and input currents — op-amp input current, etc.
IF(AV)I-F-A-V (I-F average)
Average forward current
Current a diode can carry continuously — e.g. SS34 3A
IFSMI-F-S-M
Non-repetitive surge current
Large current withstood once at switch-on — e.g. 1N4007 30A
ID · ICI-D · I-C
FET drain current · BJT collector current
Maximum current a part can carry
IQ · ICCI-Q · I-C-C
Quiescent (supply) current
Current the part itself consumes — important in battery products
IRI-R
Reverse leakage current
Current that leaks while a diode is blocking — usually μA

Current ratings decrease with temperature. The 3A in a datasheet is usually the value at 25℃ or under specified board conditions, so in hot places you must run less current. For a detailed example, see the ID explanation in How to Read FET (MOSFET) Part Numbers.
https://eguro.kr/en/board/view.html?b=library&id=56

4. Resistance — Ω · mΩ · kΩ · MΩ

NotationHow to readExample
Ωohm100Ω · 470Ω
mΩmilliohm (0.001Ω)FET on-resistance RDS(on) 20mΩ, current-sense resistor 10mΩ
kΩkilohm ("K" for short) (1000Ω)10kΩ(103) · 4.7kΩ(472)
MΩmegohm ("meg" for short) (1,000,000Ω)1MΩ (105) — insulation resistance goes up to GΩ
RDS(on)R-D-S-on
FET on-resistance
The smaller, the less heat — in mΩ
ESRE-S-R
Equivalent series resistance
Resistance inside a capacitor — smaller is better, mΩ to Ω
Ω/sqohms per square
Sheet resistance
Resistance of a thin film — occasionally in PCB and sensor documents

Because the Ω symbol is hard to type, it is also written as ohm · R (10K, 10kohm and 10KR are all 10kΩ). How to convert the numbers on SMD resistors (103 · 4R7 · 01C) into Ω is explained in How to Read SMD Resistor Codes.
https://eguro.kr/en/board/view.html?b=library&id=57

5. Capacitance — pF · nF · μF

Electronic component units · Capacitors
Same value, three names
1μF = 1000nF = 1,000,000pF
pFnFμFNumber code
10pF0.01nF0.00001μF100
100pF0.1nF0.0001μF101
1,000pF1nF0.001μF102
10,000pF10nF0.01μF103
100,000pF100nF0.1μF104
1,000,000pF1,000nF1μF105
10,000,000pF10,000nF10μF106
First two digits + number of zeros to add, unit is pF — 104 = 10 + 0000 = 100,000pF = 100nF

Different companies and people write the same capacitor as 100nF, 0.1μF, 0.1uF or 104, so it is easy to miss in a stock search. They are all the same value. The capacitance code inside MLCC part numbers is covered in How to Read MLCC Part Numbers,
https://eguro.kr/en/board/view.html?b=library&id=48, and the 107 · 227 markings on electrolytic and tantalum capacitors in How to Read Electrolytic & Tantalum Capacitor Markings.
https://eguro.kr/en/board/view.html?b=library&id=88

The J · K · M at the end of a capacitor part number is not a unit but the tolerance (J ±5%, K ±10%, M ±20%). Here M does not mean mega, so don't mix them up.

A customer looking at the three lines 100nF, 0.1uF and 104 on a quote and asking if they are different, and a female clerk answering that they are all the same value

Illustration: A quote on the counter has three lines: 100nF · 0.1uF · 104. When the customer asks, "Are all three different?", the female clerk holds up three fingers and answers, "They're all the same value!" A reel of capacitors sits next to them.

6. Inductance — nH · μH · mH

NotationHow to readExample
nHnanohenryHigh-frequency / RF inductors — 2.2nH · 10nH
μHmicrohenryPower (DC-DC) inductors — 4.7μH · 10μH · 22μH
mHmillihenryFilters and choke coils — 1mH
Isat · IrmsI-sat · I-R-M-S
Saturation current · thermal (heating) rated current
Current an inductor can carry — up to the smaller of the two
DCRD-C-R
DC resistance
Resistance of the inductor wire — mΩ

Inductors use number codes just like resistors. The base unit is μH, so 100 = 10μH, 4R7 = 4.7μH, 101 = 100μH (small RF inductors are sometimes based on nH, so check the datasheet).

7. Frequency — Hz · kHz · MHz · GHz

NotationHow to readExample
Hzhertz (times per second)Mains power 50Hz · 60Hz
kHzkilohertz (1000Hz)Watch crystal 32.768kHz, DC-DC switching 150kHz
MHzmegahertz ("meg" for short) (1,000,000Hz)Crystals 8MHz · 16.000MHz, STM32 72MHz
GHzgigahertzWi-Fi and Bluetooth 2.4GHz
Decimals after MHzsixteen point zero-zero-zero megahertz
Value written with precision
16.000MHz = 16MHz — the decimals indicate precision

For crystals, 16MHz, 16.000MHz and 16M are all the same frequency. Crystal frequency tolerance (ppm) and load capacitance (CL) are covered in How to Read Crystal & Oscillator Markings.
https://eguro.kr/en/board/view.html?b=library&id=90

8. Power — mW · W

NotationHow to readExample
Wwatt (voltage × current)TO-220 regulators, power devices
mWmilliwatt (0.001W)Small transistor PD 625mW, 0603 resistor 100mW
PD · PtotP-D · P-total
Maximum power dissipation
Power a part can handle as heat — decreases as temperature rises
1/4W · 1/8Wone-quarter watt (quarter watt) · one-eighth watt
Resistor power rating
1/4W = 0.25W = 250mW

Power is voltage × current. If 0.1A flows at 5V, that is 0.5W. For resistors it can also be calculated as current² × resistance. Running a part right at its rated power makes it hot, so a margin of about half is usual.

9. Temperature — ℃ · ℃/W

NotationHow to readMeaning
℃degrees (degrees Celsius)
Celsius
Operating temperature ranges such as −40~85℃ (industrial), 0~70℃ (commercial), −40~125℃ (automotive)
TAT-A
Ambient temperature
Temperature of the air around the part
TJT-J
Junction temperature
Actual temperature inside the chip — usually max. 125℃ or 150℃
TSTGT-S-T-G
Storage temperature
Temperature withstood while stored, not in use
℃/W · K/Wdegrees per watt · kelvin per watt (K per watt)
Thermal resistance
How many ℃ it rises per 1W dissipated — the smaller, the better the heat escapes
RθJA · RθJCR-theta-J-A · R-theta-J-C
Junction→air · junction→case thermal resistance
E.g. 62.5℃/W means a 62.5℃ rise when dissipating 1W
KkelvinWhen talking about a temperature "difference", 1K = a 1℃ difference

Thermal resistance lets you roughly estimate temperature. For example, if a part with an RθJA of 62.5℃/W dissipates 0.8W, it rises by 0.8 × 62.5 = 50℃, so with a 40℃ ambient the chip reaches about 90℃. For the temperature digit at the end of STM32 part numbers (6 · 7 · 3), see How to Read STM32 Part Numbers.
https://eguro.kr/en/board/view.html?b=library&id=87

10. Time — ns · μs · ms

NotationHow to readExample
nsnanosecond (one-billionth of a second)Diode reverse recovery time trr 35ns, logic IC delay tpd 10ns
μsmicrosecond (one-millionth of a second)Standard diode trr 2μs, reset pulse width
msmillisecond (one-thousandth of a second)Power-on time, surge test 8.3ms
ssecond (sec)Timers and delays
trrT-R-R
Reverse recovery time
Shorter for faster diodes (FR · UF · Schottky)
tr · tfT-R · T-F
Rise · fall time
Speed at which a signal changes
tpdT-P-D
Propagation delay
From an input change until the output changes

FR (Fast) and UF (Ultra fast) in diode part numbers mean this trr is short. You can read more in How to Read Diode Part Numbers.
https://eguro.kr/en/board/view.html?b=library&id=58

11. Ratio and precision — % · ppm · dB

NotationHow to readExample
%percent (one hundredth)Resistor tolerance ±1% (F) · ±5% (J), capacitor ±10% (K)
ppmP-P-M (parts per million) (one millionth)Crystal tolerance ±20ppm = ±0.002%, ±320Hz at 16MHz
ppm/℃P-P-M per degree
Temperature coefficient
How much a value changes when temperature changes by 1℃ — resistor ±100ppm/℃
dBdecibel (dee-bee) (a ratio on a log scale)Gain and attenuation — +20dB is 10 times the voltage, −3dB is about 70%
dBmD-B-M
Decibels relative to 1mW
Wireless output — 0dBm = 1mW, 20dBm = 100mW
X7R · C0GX-seven-R · C-zero-G
Temperature characteristic codes
Grade of how MLCC capacitance changes with temperature — a grade, not a unit

1% = 10,000ppm — very precise parts such as crystals give values in ppm instead of %. The X7R · X5R · C0G of MLCCs look like units but are temperature characteristic grades — see How to Read MLCC Part Numbers.
https://eguro.kr/en/board/view.html?b=library&id=48

12. Length and size — mm · mil · inch · pitch

Electronic component units · The most confusing size
Is 0603 an inch code or a metric code?
The same number means different sizes
Inch codeMetric codeActual size (mm)
020106030.6 × 0.3
040210051.0 × 0.5
060316081.6 × 0.8
080520122.0 × 1.25
120632163.2 × 1.6
121032253.2 × 2.5
Inch 0603 = metric 1608 / metric 0603 = inch 0201 — the same number, a different size
NotationHow to readExample
mmmillimeter ("mm")Package size and lead spacing — SOT-23 2.9 × 1.3mm
milmil (one-thousandth of an inch = 0.0254mm)PCB trace width, older documents — 100mil = 2.54mm
inch (in, ")inch = 25.4mmReel diameter 7 inch · 13 inch
pitchpitch
Spacing between leads
2.54mm(DIP), 1.27mm(SOIC), 0.5mm(QFN·LQFP)
μmmicrometer (micron) (0.001mm)Plating thickness, etc.

SMD size codes mix the American (inch) system and the Japanese/Korean manufacturers' (metric) system, so you cannot tell which one "0603" means from the number alone. Many companies use a two-digit code derived from the metric size for the size letters in MLCC part numbers (Samsung Electro-Mechanics CL10 · Murata GRM18 = 1608 metric = 0603 inch), while distributor stock lists often use inch codes. You can compare the actual sizes with drawings in Component Package Names: A Complete Guide.
https://eguro.kr/en/board/view.html?b=library&id=59

13. Memory and communication — bit · Byte · Kbit · bps

NotationHow to readExample
bit (b)bit — a single 0 or 1Memory ICs are mostly given in bits
Byte (B)byte = 8bitMCU flash and RAM are given in bytes
Kbit · Kbkilobit (K-bit) (1024bit)EEPROM 24C02 = 2Kbit = 256Byte
KBkilobyte (K-byte) (1024Byte)STM32F103C8 flash 64KB
Mbit · MBmegabit · megabyteSPI flash W25Q64 = 64Mbit = 8MB
bps · MbpsB-P-S · mega-B-P-S
Bits sent per second
UART 115200bps, CAN 1Mbps, USB 12Mbps
baudbaud
Baud (signal changes per second)
In UART it is used with the same meaning as bps

Lowercase b is bit, uppercase B is byte. The numbers in memory IC part numbers are mostly in bits, so a 64Mbit chip is 8MB. MCU flash is given in bytes — see the flash letter table in How to Read STM32 Part Numbers.
https://eguro.kr/en/board/view.html?b=library&id=87

14. "○/○" units in IC datasheets — %/V · μV/℃ · V/μs · nV/√Hz

IC datasheets have many units made of two units joined by a / (slash). Just read / as "per". mV/℃ means "how many mV it changes per 1℃", and V/μs means "how many V it changes per 1μs". Most of them express how much one value changes with another condition (rate of change, coefficient); the smaller, the more stable the part.

Electronic component units · Rate-of-change units in ICs
/ means "per" — how much the first value changes per one unit of the condition after it
All examples below are values given in the respective manufacturer's datasheet
UnitHow to read · MeaningDatasheet example
%/Vpercent per volt
How many % the output changes per 1V of input voltage (line regulation)
LM317 0.01%/V
mV/Vmillivolts per volt
How many mV it changes per 1V of voltage
TL431 −1.4mV/V (reference voltage change with cathode voltage)
mV/℃millivolts per degree
How many mV it changes per 1℃ (temperature drift)
L7805CV output −1.1mV/℃ · BC817 VBE about 2mV/K
μV/℃microvolts per degree
How many μV per 1℃ — a very small drift
LM358 input offset 3.5μV/℃
pA/℃picoamps per degree
How many pA per 1℃
LM358 input offset current 10pA/℃
V/μsvolts per microsecond
How many V the output can move in 1μs (slew rate)
LM358 0.5V/μs
nV/√Hznanovolts per root hertz
Noise density — noise level per unit of bandwidth
LM358 40nV/√Hz (1kHz)
dBdecibel (dee-bee)
Ratio — how much input supply ripple is suppressed (SVR · PSRR)
L7805CV 68dB (120Hz)
mVpp · μVrmsmillivolts peak-to-peak · microvolts RMS
Size of output ripple and noise
LM2596 output ripple 62mVpp (example calculation)
ppm/V · ppm/℃P-P-M per volt · P-P-M per degree
Parts per million per 1 unit of voltage or temperature
STM32 internal reference voltage coefficient, NE555 timing temperature coefficient
Among parts with the same function, the smaller this number, the more precise and stable — a value to compare when substituting
Electronic component units · Power, switching, protection
Units for heat, switching and static electricity
All examples below are values given in the respective manufacturer's datasheet
UnitHow to read · MeaningDatasheet example
mW/℃ · mW/Kmilliwatts per degree · milliwatts per kelvin
How many mW the allowable power drops for every 1℃ rise (derating)
MAX485 SO8 derates by 5.88mW/℃ above 70℃ (471mW) · 74AHC00 SO14 10.1mW/K
K/WK per watt (kelvin per watt)
Thermal resistance — same meaning as ℃/W
2N7002 350K/W
nCnanocoulomb — the charge needed to turn a FET on (Qg)AO3400A Qg 6nC — the smaller, the faster it turns on and off
A/μs · A/msamps per microsecond · amps per millisecond
How many A the current changes in 1μs (di/dt)
2N7002 diode test condition dIS/dt −100A/μs
mJmillijoule — ability to withstand instantaneous energy (avalanche energy)TIP120 50mJ
ns/Vnanoseconds per volt
Time allowed for the input signal to rise by 1V (input rise/fall rate)
74HC00 max. 139ns/V at VCC 4.5V
±kVplus-minus kilovolts
Voltage withstood against static electricity (ESD)
MAX3440E family ±15kV
Derating (mW/℃) means "use less as it gets hotter" — maximum power is specified at 25℃

15. MCU and ADC units — DMIPS · μA/MHz · Msps · LSB

UnitHow to read · MeaningDatasheet example
MHz (clock)megahertz
How many million times per second the MCU operates
STM32F103 72MHz · F407 168MHz
DMIPSD-MIPS (dee-mips)
Processing speed score (based on the Dhrystone benchmark, instructions processed per second)
STM32F407 210DMIPS · 1.25DMIPS/MHz
μA/MHzmicroamps per megahertz
Supply current per 1MHz of clock — used to compare low-power MCUs
Run mode current of low-power families such as STM32L
bit (resolution)bits (twelve-bit)
How many steps the ADC divides a value into — 12bit = 4096 steps
STM32 12bit ADC
Msps · kspsmega-S-P-S · kilo-S-P-S (megasamples · kilosamples per second)
How many million or thousand measurements per second (sampling rate)
STM32C011 ADC 2.5Msps
LSBL-S-B
The smallest single step of an ADC — errors are given as "how many steps"
STM32C011 ±2LSB (12bit, one step about 0.8mV at 3.3V)
ENOBE-NOB (E-N-O-B)
Number of effective bits actually usable
Even a 12bit ADC has a lower ENOB — check the ENOB item in the datasheet
Mbit/s · kbit/smegabits per second · kilobits per second
Communication speed (same as bps)
STM32 SPI · I²C max. speed, MAX485 2.5Mbps
mA/V (gm)milliamps per volt (G-M)
Transconductance — the strength of a crystal oscillator circuit
STM32 crystal Gm max. 1.5mA/V
μW (Drive level)microwatt (drive level)
Power that may be applied to a crystal
Abracon AB26T max. 1.0μW
ps (Jitter)picosecond (jitter)
Time by which a clock signal wobbles — in picoseconds
Abracon ASFL1 RMS 1ps

For MCUs, a higher MHz does not automatically mean faster; how much work is done at the same clock is compared by DMIPS/MHz. For ADCs, you need to look at LSB error and ENOB along with the bit count (resolution) to know the real precision.

16. Other common units

NotationHow to readWhere used
mAhmilliamp-hour (M-A-H)
Milliampere-hour
Battery capacity — 1000mAh is 1A for 1 hour
A²sampere-squared seconds (I-squared-T)
I²t (fuse melting energy)
Fuse and diode surge withstand
lm · mcdlumen · millicandelaLED brightness
nmnanometerLight wavelength of LEDs and optical devices — red about 620nm
g · mggram · milligramPart weight (end of datasheet)
pcs · EApieces · E-A (each)
Count
Quantity — reel of 3,000pcs

17. Letters used in place of units — 4R7 · 2K2 · 103

Electronic component units · Decimal-point letters
R · K · M take the place of the decimal point
A notation that arose because it is hard to print a dot (.) on small parts
NotationHow to readMeaningExample
4R7four-R-seven4.7 (R is the decimal point)Resistor 4.7Ω, inductor 4.7μH
R10R-one-zero0.10Resistor 0.1Ω (100mΩ)
2K2two-K-two2.2k (K is both the decimal point and k)2.2kΩ
4K7four-K-seven4.7k4.7kΩ
1M0one-M-zero (one meg)1.0M1MΩ
103one-oh-three10 + three zerosResistor 10kΩ, capacitor 10nF
3.3V · 3V3three point three volts · three-V-three3V3 = 3.3V (V is the decimal point)Supply labels
R · K · M · V between digits are decimal points; a K · M at the very end is usually tolerance (capacitors)

On schematics and PCB silkscreen, a dot can be rubbed off or hard to see, so values are written like 4K7 instead of 4.7k. 3V3 is 3.3V and 1V8 is 1.8V.

18. Units at a glance

Quantity measuredUnitCommon magnitudes
VoltageVmV · V · kV
CurrentAnA · μA · mA · A
ResistanceΩmΩ · Ω · kΩ · MΩ
CapacitanceFpF · nF · μF
InductanceHnH · μH · mH
FrequencyHzkHz · MHz · GHz
PowerWmW · W
Temperature℃℃ · ℃/W
Timesns · μs · ms
Ratio% · ppmAs ± values
Lengthmmmm · mil · inch
Memorybit · ByteKbit · KB · Mbit · MB
Rate of change○/○%/V · mV/℃ · V/μs · mW/℃
MCU and ADCDMIPS · sps · LSBMHz · Msps · ±LSB
Tips for finding stock
Even for the same part, each supplier writes it differently, such as 100nF · 0.1uF · 104. In eGuro Part Search, searching by part number is the most accurate.

Related posts
· How to Read MLCC Part Numbers
https://eguro.kr/en/board/view.html?b=library&id=48
· How to Read SMD Resistor Codes
https://eguro.kr/en/board/view.html?b=library&id=57
· Component Package Names: A Complete Guide
https://eguro.kr/en/board/view.html?b=library&id=59
· How to Read Electrolytic & Tantalum Capacitor Markings
https://eguro.kr/en/board/view.html?b=library&id=88
· How to Read Crystal & Oscillator Markings
https://eguro.kr/en/board/view.html?b=library&id=90

Units and prefixes follow the definitions of the International System of Units (SI), and the example values were checked against the manufacturer datasheets used in earlier Semiconductor Library posts and Today's Part (ST STM32 · Nexperia/NXP 74HC·74AHC · ST L7805CV · TI LM317·LM358·LM2596·TL431 · Maxim MAX485 · Alpha & Omega AO3400A · Nexperia 2N7002·BC817 · TIP120 · Abracon crystals, etc.). Datasheets sometimes use the same symbol slightly differently, so for an actual part, check the symbol definitions in its datasheet.

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